Organic farming

 What is organic farming?

The organic farming system in India is not new and is being followed since ancient times. It is a method of a farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.

As per the definition of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) study team on organic farming “organic farming is a system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives, etc.) and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection”.

FAO suggested that “Organic agriculture is a unique production management system which promotes and enhances ago
-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity, and this is accomplished by using on-farm agronomic, biological, and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs”.

Organic Farming:: Organic Farming Practices

What is organic farming / organic farming concept and development Need for organic farming With the increase in population, our compulsion would be not only to stabilize agricultural production but to increase it further in a sustainable manner. Scientists have realized that the ‘Green Revolution with high input use has reached a plateau and is now sustained with diminishing returns of falling dividends. Thus, a natural balance needs to be maintained at all costs for the existence of life and property. The obvious choice for that would be more relevant in the present era when these agrochemicals are produced from fossil fuel and are not renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost heavily on our foreign exchange in the future. The key characteristics of organic farming include Protecting the long-term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity, and careful mechanical intervention Providing crop nutrients indirectly using relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are made available to the plant by the action of soil micro-organisms Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock manures Weed, disease, and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties, and limited (preferably minimal) thermal, biological, and chemical intervention The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding, and rearing Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats